DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38017/1657463X.821Palabras clave:
bibliometría, análisis de contenido, corrupción, sistemas sociales, ciencias de la complejidadResumen
Los sistemas complejos son característicos de fenómenos que resultan de múltiples interacciones y factores, no explicables ni observables, bajo perspectivas tradicionales. Este artículo parte de la necesidad de comprender el fenómeno de la corrupción en el marco de un sistema complejo. Tal necesidad se justifica por la poca claridad de la verdadera dinámica de la corrupción, sus causas y consecuencias, en el contexto de un esfuerzo global por combatirla sin mucho éxito. En aras de avanzar en la superación de este limitante, aquí se propone como objetivo identificar los hallazgos y alcances de los estudios sobre corrupción en el marco de los sistemas complejos. Para ello, se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura que combina el análisis bibliométrico con el análisis de contenido. A través del primero se identifican tendencias e impacto en la publicación académica, mientras que el análisis de contenido implica una lectura crítica y objetiva de los textos, con lo que se logra establecer metodologías, posturas y avances de investigación. Entre los resultados, se encuentra que hay un alto número de estudios que abordan la problemática de la corrupción, principalmente intentado explicar sus causas y tipologías. Sin embargo, existe predominancia de enfoques metodológicos reduccionistas que no consideran la complejidad del sistema, lo que está explicado, en gran parte, por la escasa investigación de corte interdisciplinar. En este sentido, se propone una agenda que explore nuevos enfoques analíticos y que brinden mejores aproximaciones desde el paradigma de la complejidad.
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