Palavras-chave:
aborto, embrionário, imuno-histoquímica, imunofluorescência, PCR, reabsorçãoResumo
A campilobacteriose genital bovina é uma doença venérea dos bovinos em todo o mundo, causando grandes perdas econômicas nos animais, seus agentes etiológicos são o Campylobacter fetus fetus, que causa infecções do trato digestivo de ovinos e bovinos, e o campylobacter fetus veneralis, alojado em trato reprodutivo de fêmeas e machos. Entre os fatores de risco, destacam-se a fixação direta, a presença de pequenos ruminantes na pecuária e o não cumprimento das medidas de biossegurança. Esta doença é assintomática em touros, mas nas fêmeas causa uma diminuição na taxa de gravidez, abortos e morte embrionária. O isolamento da bactéria é o método mais eficaz para a identificação das subespécies do Campylobacter fetus, mas é uma técnica que demanda tempo e trabalho, devido aos seus altos requisitos e desenvolvimento lento. em cadeia da polimerase são técnicas que atualmente melhoram sua identificação, pois apresentam alta especificidade e sensibilidade ao Campylobacter fetus, otimizando a avaliação de populações bovinas com alta densidade. O objetivo da revisão é descrever os métodos atuais para a identificação da doença em bovinos e, assim, poder tomar medidas preventivas e curativas para controlar essa patologia.
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Referências
ABRIL, C., VILEI, E., BRODARD, I., BURNENS, A., FREY, J., Y MISEREZ, R. (2007). Discovery of insertion element ISCfe1: A new tool for Campylobacter fetus subspecies differentiation. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 13, 993-1000.
AGISTIANA, S., SETIYANINGSIH, S., E INDRAWATI, A. (2018). Application of Multiplex PCR Assay for Campylobacter fetus Sub sp. Detection and Differentiation in Bovine Preputial Wash. Buletin Peternakan, 42(1), 1-7. Doi: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v42i1.26114.
ALI, A., SOARES, S., SANTOS, A., GUIMARÃES, L., BARBOSA, et al. (2012). Campylobacter fetus subspecies: Comparative genomics and prediction of potential virulence targets. Gene, 508, 145-156.
BESSEDE, E., SOLECKI, O., SIFRE, E., LABADI, L., Y MEGRAUD, F. (2011). Identification of Campylobacter species and related organisms by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, (17), 1735-1739.
BLASER, M., NEWELL, D., THOMPSON, S., Y ZECHNER, E. (2008). Pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus. En: Nachamkin I., Szymanski C.M., y Blaser M.J. (Eds.), Campylobacter (3.a ed.) (pp. 401-428). Washington: ASM.
CAMPERO, C.M., ANDERSON, M.L., WALKER, R.L., BLANCHARD, P.C., BARBANO, L. & CHIU, P. (2005). Immunohistochemical identification of Campylobacter fetus in natural cases of bovine and ovine abortions. J Vet Med., 52, 138-141.
CARTER, G.R. (1979). Campylobacter and Vibrio. En: Carter, G. (ed.), Diagnostic procedures in veterinary bacteriology and micology (3.a ed.) (pp. 53-62). Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
CHABAN, B., CHU, S., HENDRICK, S., WALDNER, C., Y HILL, J.E. (2012). Evaluation of a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for direct analysis of bovine preputial samples. Can J Vet Res., 76, 166-173.
CIPOLLA, A.L., CAMPERO, C.M., CANO DE MEDINA, D., MORSELLA, C., COSENTINO, B., Y CARACINO, M. (1995). Un método mejorado para el diagnóstico de la campylobacteriosis genital en vacas. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, 15, 742-5.
CORNEJO, A., SERRATO, A., RONDÓN, B., Y ROCHA, M. (2014). Herramientas moleculares aplicadas en ecología: Aspectos teóricos y prácticos. México: Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.
DENIS, F., CECILE, M., MARTIN, C., BINGEN, E., Y QUENTIN, R. (2011). Bactériologie médicale: Techniques usuelles.
FERNÁNDEZ, M.E., CAMPERO, C.M., MORRELL, E., CANTÓN, G.J., MOORE, D.P., et al. (2007). Pérdidas reproductivas en bovinos causadas por abortos, muertes prematuras, natimortos y neonatos: casuística del período 2006-2007. Argentina. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, 88, 246-54.
FIORENTINO, A., STAZIONATI, M., HECKER, Y., MORSELLA, C., CANTÓN, G., et al. (2017). Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus ovine abortion outbreak in Argentina. Revista electrónica de Veterinaria, 18(11).
FIORENTINO, M., PAOLICCHI, F., CAMPERO, C., Y BARBEITO, C. (2018). Lectin binding patterns and immunohistochemical antigen detection in placenta and lungs of Brucella abortus-bovine infected fetuses. Open Veterinary Journal, 8(1), 57-63.
FREY, C., MÜLLER, N., STÄUBER, N., MARREROSA, N., HOFMANN, L., HENTRICH, B. & HIRSBRUNNER, G. (2017). Simplicimonas-like DNA in vaginal swabs of cows and heiferscross-reacting in the real-time PCR for T. foetus. Veterinary Parasitology, 237, 30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.024
GARCÍA, V., Y LEGARRAGA, P. (2017). Campylobacter fetus. Revista Chilena de Infectología, 34(6), 587-588.
GIRALDO, J. (2007). Una Mirada al uso de la inseminación artificial en bovinos. Revista Lasallista de investigación, 4, 51-57.
GIVENS, D., Y MARLEY, M. (2008). Pathogens that cause infertility of bulls or transmission via semen. Theriogenology, 70, 504-507.
GORKIEWICZ, G., KIENESBERGER, S., SCHOBER, C., SCHEICHER, S., GULLY, C., ZECHNER, R., Y ZECHNER, E. (2010). A genomic island defines Subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. Journal of Bacteriology, 192, 502-517.
GORKIEWICZ, G., KIENESBERGER, S., SCHOBER, C., SCHEICHER, S.R., GULLY, C., Y ZECHNER, R. (2010). A genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Journal of Bacteriology, 192, 502-17.
GRAAF-VAN, B.L., DUIM, B., MILLER, W., FORBES, K., WAGENAAR, J., Y ZOMER, A. (2016). Whole genome sequence analysis indicates recent diversification of mammalassociated Campylobacter fetus and implicates a genetic factor associated with H2S production. BMC Genomics, 17, 713.
GRAAF-VAN, B.L., VAN BERGEN, M.A., VAN DER WAL, F.J., DE BOER, A.G., DUIM, B., Y SCHMIDT, T. (2013). Evaluation of molecular assays for identification Campylobacter fetus species and subspecies and development of a Campylobacter fetus specific real-time PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods, 95, 93-7.
HANCOCK, A., YOUNIS, P., BEGGS, D., MANSELL, P., STEVENSON, M., Y PYMAN, M. (2016). An assessment of dairy herd bulls in southern Australia: 1.
Management practices and bull breeding soundness evaluations. J. Dairy Sci., 99, 1-15.
HUM, S., BRUNNER, J., MCINNES, A., MENDOZA, G., Y STEPHENS, J. (1994). Evaluation of cultural methods and selective media for the isolation of Campylobacter fetus subesp. venerealis from cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal, (71), 184-186.
HUM, S., QUINN, K., BRUNNER, J. & ON, S.L. (1997). Evaluation of a PCR assay for identification and differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. Australian Veterinary Journal, (75), 827-831.
IRAOLA, G., BETANCOR, L., CALLEROS, L., GADEA, P., ALGORTA, G., GALEANO, S., MUXI, P., GREIF, G., Y PÉREZ, R. (2015). A rural worker infected with a bovine-prevalent genotype of Campylobacter fetus subesp. fetus supports zoonotic transmission and inconsistency of MLST and whole-genome typing. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, (34), 1593-1596.
IRAOLA, G., HERNÁNDEZ, M., CALLEROS, L., PAOLICCHI, F., SILVEYRA, S., Y VELILLA, A. (2012). Application of a multiplex PCR assay for Campylobacter fetus detection and subspecies differentiation in uncultured samples of aborted bovine fetuses. Journal of Veterinary Science, 13, 371-6.
JIMÉNEZ, D., PÉREZ, A., CARPENTER, T. & MARTÍNEZ, A. (2011). Factors associated with infection by Campylobacter fetus in beef herds in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Argentina, (101), 157-162.
KIENESBERGER, S., GORKIEWICZ, G., JOAINIG, M., SCHEICHER, S., LEITNER, E., Y ZECHNER, E. (2007). Development of Experimental Genetic Tools for Campylobacter fetus. American Society for Microbiology. Applied and environmental Microbiology, 4619-4630.
KIENESBERGER, S., SPRENGER, H., WOLFGRUBER, S., HALWACHS, B., THALLINGER, G., Y PÉREZ, G.I. (2014). Comparative genome analysis of Campylobacter fetus subspecies revealed horizontally acquired genetic elements important for virulence and niche specificity. Plos One, 9(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085491
LARSON, R., Y WHITE, B. (2016). Evaluating Information Obtained from Diagnosis of Pregnancy Status of Beef Herds.
MAHAJAN, V., HARMANJIT, B., Y ANIL, G. (2014). Immunohistochemical and Molecular Approaches for the Diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in Natural Cases of Bovine Abortion. The National Academy of Sciences, 85(2). Doi: 10.1007/s40011-014-0369-9.
MAI, H., IRONS, P., KABIR, J., Y THOMPSON, P. (2012). A large seroprevalence survey of brucellosis in cattle herds under diverse production systems in Northern Nigeria. BMC Vet. Res., 8(144).
MAI, H., IRONS, P., KABIR, J., Y THOMPSON, P. (2013). Herd-level risk factors for Campylobacter fetus infection, Brucella seropositivity and within-herd seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in northern Nigeria. Prev Vet Med., 111(3-4), 256-67. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.05.016
MANES, J., FIORENTINO, M., SAN MARTINO, S., Y UNGERFELD, R. (2017). Changes in the vaginal microbiota in ewes after insertion of intravaginal sponges at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Livestock Science, 208, 55-59. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.023.
MARCELLINO, R., MORSELLAB, C., CANOB, D., Y PAOLICCHIB, F. (2015). Eficiencia del cultivo bacteriológico y de la inmunofluorescencia en la detección de Campylobacter fetus en fluidos genitales bovinos. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 47(3), 183-189.
MCGOLDRICK, A., CHANTER, J., GALE, S., PARR, J., TOSZEGHY, M., Y LINE, K. (2013). Real Time PCR to detect and differentiate Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and Campylobacter fetus Subspecies venerealis. Journal of Microbiology Methods, 94, 199-204.
MCMILLEN, L., FORDYCE, G., DOOGAN, V.J., Y LEW, A.E. (2006). Comparison of culture and a novel 5’ Taq nuclease assay for direct detection of Campylobacter fetus subesp. venerealis in clinical specimens from cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 938-945.
Méndez, D., Góngora, A., y Gómez, L. (2014). Aislamiento e identificación de la flora bacteriana uterina en vacas donantes de embriones. Orinoquia, 18(1), 86-91.
Michi, A., Favetto, P., Kastelic, J., y Cobo, E. (2015). A review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health. Theriogenology, 85(5), 781-791. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.037.
Monke, H.J., Love, B.C., Wittum, T.E., Monke, D.R., y Byrum, B.A. (2002). Effect of transport enrichment medium, transport time, and growth medium on the detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 14, 35-9.
Morrell, E.L., Barbeito, C.G., Odeo´N, C.A., Gimeno, E.J. & Campero, C.M. (2011). Histopathological, immunohistochemical, lectinhistochemical and molecular findings in spontaneous bovine abortions by Campylobacter fetus. Reprod Domest Anim., 46, 309-315.
Mshelia, G., Amin, J., Egwu, G., Yavari, C., Murray, R., y Woldehiwet, Z. (2010). Detection of antibodies specific to Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in the vaginal mucus of Nigerian breeding cows. Veterinaria Italiana, 46, 337-344.
OIE. (2017). Manual terrestre OIE 2017: Campylobacteriosis genital bovina. Recuperado de http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/esp/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.04_Campilobact_bovina.pdf. Consultado en: 15/ 05/ 18.
OIE. (2008). Bovine genital campylobacteriosis and Trichomonosis. World Organization for Animal Health. Recuperado de http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=disease_timelines.
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AGISTIANA, S., SETIYANINGSIH, S., E INDRAWATI, A. (2018). Application of Multiplex PCR Assay for Campylobacter fetus Sub sp. Detection and Differentiation in Bovine Preputial Wash. Buletin Peternakan, 42(1), 1-7. Doi: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v42i1.26114.
ALI, A., SOARES, S., SANTOS, A., GUIMARÃES, L., BARBOSA, et al. (2012). Campylobacter fetus subspecies: Comparative genomics and prediction of potential virulence targets. Gene, 508, 145-156.
BESSEDE, E., SOLECKI, O., SIFRE, E., LABADI, L., Y MEGRAUD, F. (2011). Identification of Campylobacter species and related organisms by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, (17), 1735-1739.
BLASER, M., NEWELL, D., THOMPSON, S., Y ZECHNER, E. (2008). Pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus. En: Nachamkin I., Szymanski C.M., y Blaser M.J. (Eds.), Campylobacter (3.a ed.) (pp. 401-428). Washington: ASM.
CAMPERO, C.M., ANDERSON, M.L., WALKER, R.L., BLANCHARD, P.C., BARBANO, L. & CHIU, P. (2005). Immunohistochemical identification of Campylobacter fetus in natural cases of bovine and ovine abortions. J Vet Med., 52, 138-141.
CARTER, G.R. (1979). Campylobacter and Vibrio. En: Carter, G. (ed.), Diagnostic procedures in veterinary bacteriology and micology (3.a ed.) (pp. 53-62). Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
CHABAN, B., CHU, S., HENDRICK, S., WALDNER, C., Y HILL, J.E. (2012). Evaluation of a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for direct analysis of bovine preputial samples. Can J Vet Res., 76, 166-173.
CIPOLLA, A.L., CAMPERO, C.M., CANO DE MEDINA, D., MORSELLA, C., COSENTINO, B., Y CARACINO, M. (1995). Un método mejorado para el diagnóstico de la campylobacteriosis genital en vacas. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal, 15, 742-5.
CORNEJO, A., SERRATO, A., RONDÓN, B., Y ROCHA, M. (2014). Herramientas moleculares aplicadas en ecología: Aspectos teóricos y prácticos. México: Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales.
DENIS, F., CECILE, M., MARTIN, C., BINGEN, E., Y QUENTIN, R. (2011). Bactériologie médicale: Techniques usuelles.
FERNÁNDEZ, M.E., CAMPERO, C.M., MORRELL, E., CANTÓN, G.J., MOORE, D.P., et al. (2007). Pérdidas reproductivas en bovinos causadas por abortos, muertes prematuras, natimortos y neonatos: casuística del período 2006-2007. Argentina. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, 88, 246-54.
FIORENTINO, A., STAZIONATI, M., HECKER, Y., MORSELLA, C., CANTÓN, G., et al. (2017). Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus ovine abortion outbreak in Argentina. Revista electrónica de Veterinaria, 18(11).
FIORENTINO, M., PAOLICCHI, F., CAMPERO, C., Y BARBEITO, C. (2018). Lectin binding patterns and immunohistochemical antigen detection in placenta and lungs of Brucella abortus-bovine infected fetuses. Open Veterinary Journal, 8(1), 57-63.
FREY, C., MÜLLER, N., STÄUBER, N., MARREROSA, N., HOFMANN, L., HENTRICH, B. & HIRSBRUNNER, G. (2017). Simplicimonas-like DNA in vaginal swabs of cows and heiferscross-reacting in the real-time PCR for T. foetus. Veterinary Parasitology, 237, 30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.024
GARCÍA, V., Y LEGARRAGA, P. (2017). Campylobacter fetus. Revista Chilena de Infectología, 34(6), 587-588.
GIRALDO, J. (2007). Una Mirada al uso de la inseminación artificial en bovinos. Revista Lasallista de investigación, 4, 51-57.
GIVENS, D., Y MARLEY, M. (2008). Pathogens that cause infertility of bulls or transmission via semen. Theriogenology, 70, 504-507.
GORKIEWICZ, G., KIENESBERGER, S., SCHOBER, C., SCHEICHER, S., GULLY, C., ZECHNER, R., Y ZECHNER, E. (2010). A genomic island defines Subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. Journal of Bacteriology, 192, 502-517.
GORKIEWICZ, G., KIENESBERGER, S., SCHOBER, C., SCHEICHER, S.R., GULLY, C., Y ZECHNER, R. (2010). A genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Journal of Bacteriology, 192, 502-17.
GRAAF-VAN, B.L., DUIM, B., MILLER, W., FORBES, K., WAGENAAR, J., Y ZOMER, A. (2016). Whole genome sequence analysis indicates recent diversification of mammalassociated Campylobacter fetus and implicates a genetic factor associated with H2S production. BMC Genomics, 17, 713.
GRAAF-VAN, B.L., VAN BERGEN, M.A., VAN DER WAL, F.J., DE BOER, A.G., DUIM, B., Y SCHMIDT, T. (2013). Evaluation of molecular assays for identification Campylobacter fetus species and subspecies and development of a Campylobacter fetus specific real-time PCR assay. J Microbiol Methods, 95, 93-7.
HANCOCK, A., YOUNIS, P., BEGGS, D., MANSELL, P., STEVENSON, M., Y PYMAN, M. (2016). An assessment of dairy herd bulls in southern Australia: 1.
Management practices and bull breeding soundness evaluations. J. Dairy Sci., 99, 1-15.
HUM, S., BRUNNER, J., MCINNES, A., MENDOZA, G., Y STEPHENS, J. (1994). Evaluation of cultural methods and selective media for the isolation of Campylobacter fetus subesp. venerealis from cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal, (71), 184-186.
HUM, S., QUINN, K., BRUNNER, J. & ON, S.L. (1997). Evaluation of a PCR assay for identification and differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. Australian Veterinary Journal, (75), 827-831.
IRAOLA, G., BETANCOR, L., CALLEROS, L., GADEA, P., ALGORTA, G., GALEANO, S., MUXI, P., GREIF, G., Y PÉREZ, R. (2015). A rural worker infected with a bovine-prevalent genotype of Campylobacter fetus subesp. fetus supports zoonotic transmission and inconsistency of MLST and whole-genome typing. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, (34), 1593-1596.
IRAOLA, G., HERNÁNDEZ, M., CALLEROS, L., PAOLICCHI, F., SILVEYRA, S., Y VELILLA, A. (2012). Application of a multiplex PCR assay for Campylobacter fetus detection and subspecies differentiation in uncultured samples of aborted bovine fetuses. Journal of Veterinary Science, 13, 371-6.
JIMÉNEZ, D., PÉREZ, A., CARPENTER, T. & MARTÍNEZ, A. (2011). Factors associated with infection by Campylobacter fetus in beef herds in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Argentina, (101), 157-162.
KIENESBERGER, S., GORKIEWICZ, G., JOAINIG, M., SCHEICHER, S., LEITNER, E., Y ZECHNER, E. (2007). Development of Experimental Genetic Tools for Campylobacter fetus. American Society for Microbiology. Applied and environmental Microbiology, 4619-4630.
KIENESBERGER, S., SPRENGER, H., WOLFGRUBER, S., HALWACHS, B., THALLINGER, G., Y PÉREZ, G.I. (2014). Comparative genome analysis of Campylobacter fetus subspecies revealed horizontally acquired genetic elements important for virulence and niche specificity. Plos One, 9(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085491
LARSON, R., Y WHITE, B. (2016). Evaluating Information Obtained from Diagnosis of Pregnancy Status of Beef Herds.
MAHAJAN, V., HARMANJIT, B., Y ANIL, G. (2014). Immunohistochemical and Molecular Approaches for the Diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in Natural Cases of Bovine Abortion. The National Academy of Sciences, 85(2). Doi: 10.1007/s40011-014-0369-9.
MAI, H., IRONS, P., KABIR, J., Y THOMPSON, P. (2012). A large seroprevalence survey of brucellosis in cattle herds under diverse production systems in Northern Nigeria. BMC Vet. Res., 8(144).
MAI, H., IRONS, P., KABIR, J., Y THOMPSON, P. (2013). Herd-level risk factors for Campylobacter fetus infection, Brucella seropositivity and within-herd seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in northern Nigeria. Prev Vet Med., 111(3-4), 256-67. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.05.016
MANES, J., FIORENTINO, M., SAN MARTINO, S., Y UNGERFELD, R. (2017). Changes in the vaginal microbiota in ewes after insertion of intravaginal sponges at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Livestock Science, 208, 55-59. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.023.
MARCELLINO, R., MORSELLAB, C., CANOB, D., Y PAOLICCHIB, F. (2015). Eficiencia del cultivo bacteriológico y de la inmunofluorescencia en la detección de Campylobacter fetus en fluidos genitales bovinos. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 47(3), 183-189.
MCGOLDRICK, A., CHANTER, J., GALE, S., PARR, J., TOSZEGHY, M., Y LINE, K. (2013). Real Time PCR to detect and differentiate Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and Campylobacter fetus Subspecies venerealis. Journal of Microbiology Methods, 94, 199-204.
MCMILLEN, L., FORDYCE, G., DOOGAN, V.J., Y LEW, A.E. (2006). Comparison of culture and a novel 5’ Taq nuclease assay for direct detection of Campylobacter fetus subesp. venerealis in clinical specimens from cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 938-945.
Méndez, D., Góngora, A., y Gómez, L. (2014). Aislamiento e identificación de la flora bacteriana uterina en vacas donantes de embriones. Orinoquia, 18(1), 86-91.
Michi, A., Favetto, P., Kastelic, J., y Cobo, E. (2015). A review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health. Theriogenology, 85(5), 781-791. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.037.
Monke, H.J., Love, B.C., Wittum, T.E., Monke, D.R., y Byrum, B.A. (2002). Effect of transport enrichment medium, transport time, and growth medium on the detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 14, 35-9.
Morrell, E.L., Barbeito, C.G., Odeo´N, C.A., Gimeno, E.J. & Campero, C.M. (2011). Histopathological, immunohistochemical, lectinhistochemical and molecular findings in spontaneous bovine abortions by Campylobacter fetus. Reprod Domest Anim., 46, 309-315.
Mshelia, G., Amin, J., Egwu, G., Yavari, C., Murray, R., y Woldehiwet, Z. (2010). Detection of antibodies specific to Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in the vaginal mucus of Nigerian breeding cows. Veterinaria Italiana, 46, 337-344.
OIE. (2017). Manual terrestre OIE 2017: Campylobacteriosis genital bovina. Recuperado de http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/esp/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.04_Campilobact_bovina.pdf. Consultado en: 15/ 05/ 18.
OIE. (2008). Bovine genital campylobacteriosis and Trichomonosis. World Organization for Animal Health. Recuperado de http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=disease_timelines.
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Publicado
2017-11-27
Como Citar
Fonseca Molina, D. E., & Castro Cruz, J. A. (2017). Métodos diagnósticos atuais para a identificação da campilobacteriose genital bovina. Conexión Agropecuaria JDC, 7(2), 71–84. Recuperado de https://jdc-ojs.vobomkt.com/index.php/conexagro/article/view/608
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Ciencias Veterinarias
