Keywords:
estrus detection, dual purpose cattle, small farmers.Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) to observed estrus is an economic biotechnology and easy to implement, however, is a tool that even today is not available to small farmers. The aim of this investigation was to determine pregnancy rates in small cattle farms in which they had not previously implemented AI, likewise, different insemination times were analyzed in relation to pregnancy rates. The research was conducted in 22 farms, the town of Ciénega Boyacá, in total 34 crossbred females Norman x Creole cows were inseminated. The AI was performed at detected estrus following the am - pm protocol. The overall, pregnancy rate obtained was 63.6 % (n = 21), in relation with the time of insemination was found that 67.6 % (n = 22) of AI were done in the afternoon, with a pregnancy rate of 65.2 %, while 32.4 % (n = 12) of AI were done in the morning with pregnancy rate of 63.6 %. In conclusion, most of the cows (67.6%) went into heat at night and were observed in heat, in the early hours of the day. However, no significant differences in the time distribution of estrus and pregnancy rates when the process is done in the morning or afternoon. Likewise, is necessary improve the heat detection and continue this type of biotechnological processes aimed at improving the bovine genetic.
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References
AGUIRRE, G., PARDO, C., GÓNGORA, A. 2006. Inicio del celo, tasa de gestación y relación del tiempo de inseminación con los niveles de progesterona en vacas Brahman. Rev. MVZ Córdoba, Córdoba 11: 1. Disponible en http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-2682006000100011&lng=en&nrm=iso>. Accesado: 15/10/ 2013.
APPLEYARD, W. & COOK, B. 1976. The detection of oestrus in dairy cattle Veterinary. Rec. 99: 253-256.
AYALON, N. 1978. Review of embryonic mortality in cattle. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 54: 483-493.
BALL, P. & PETERS, A. 2004. Reproduction in cattle. ED. Blackwell publishing. Oxford. 49 pp.
BONDURANT, R. 2007. Selected diseases and conditions associated with bovine conceptus loss in the first trimester. Theriogenology. 68: 461-73.
BO, G., BARUSELLI, P. & MARTINEZ, M. 2003. Pattern and manipulation of follicular development in Bosindicus cattle. Animal Reproduction Science 78: 307-326.
DE SILVA, A., ANDERSON, G., GWASDAUSKAS, F., MCGILLIARD, M. & LINEWEAVER, J. 1981. Interrelationships with oestrus behavior and conception in cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 64: 2409-2418.
ESPEY, L. 1980. Biology of Reproduction 22, 73-106.
ESPINOZA, J., ORTEGA, R., PALACIOS, A. & GUILLEN, A. 2010. Efecto de la suplementación de grasas sobre características productivas, tasas de preñez y algunos metabolitos de los lípidos en vacas para carne en pastoreo. Arch. Med. Vet. 42 (1): 25-32. Disponible en <http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-732X20100 00100004&lng=es&nrm=iso>.Accesado: 06/06/2013.
DRANSFIELD, R., NEBEL, E., PEARSON, L. & WARNICK. 1998. Timing of insemination for dairy cows identified in estrus by a radiotelemetric estrus detection system. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 1874-1882.
FATRO, M. 2005. Manual de reproducción en ganado bovino. ED. Servet. Zaragoza. 56 pp.
GIRALDO, J. 2007. Una mirada al uso de la inseminación artificial en bovinos. Revista. Lasallista Investigación. Caldas. 4:1. Disponible en http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1794492007000100008&.Accesado: 19/08/2013.
GÓNGORA, A. & HERNÁNDEZ, A. 2006. Comportamiento sexual, duración del estro y del ciclo estral en novillas criollas San martineras y brahmán del piedemonte llanero colombiano. Livestock Research for Rural Development 18.
HAFEZ, B. 2002. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. ED. McGraw-Hill. México D.F. 63 pp.
HAFEZ, E. & LINDSAY, D. 1965. Behavioral responses in farm animals and their relevance to research technique. A review Animal. Breed. Abstr. 33: 1.
IDEAM Instituto de Hidrologìa, Metereologìa y Estudios Ambientales. 2013. Disponible en http://institucional.ideam.gov.co/jsp/solicitud-de-informacion_993. Accesado: 19/09/2013.
MAATJE, K., LOEFFLER, S. & ENGEL, E. 1997. Predicting Optimal Time of Insemination in Cows that Show Visual Signs of Estrus by Estimating Onset of Estrus with Pedometers. Journal of Dairy Science
80: 1098-1105.
MACMILLAN, K. & WATSON, J. 1971. Short estroes cycles in New Zealand dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 54: 1526-1529.
MARINI, P., GALASSI. & DI MASSO, R. 2010. Relación entre el lapso detección del celo-inseminación y el porcentaje de preñez en vacas lecheras Celo-inseminación y porcentaje de preñez. InVet, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. 12: 1. Disponible en <http://www.scielo.org.ar/ scielo.php? script=sci_arttext&pid=S1668-4982010000100009&lng=es&nrm=iso>. Accesado: 13/06/2013.
MARINI, P. & GALASSI, I. 2011. Relación entre celo–inseminación con semen sexado y porcentaje de preñez en vaquillonas Holstein. Revista veterinaria 22 (1): 52-54.
MARTÍNEZ, F., KAABI, M., MARTÍNEZ-PASTOR, F., ÁLVAREZ, M., ANEL, E., BOIXO, J. & DE PAZ, L. 2004. Effect of the interval between estrus onset and artificial insemination on sex ratio and fertility in cattle: a field study Original Research Article. Theriogenology 62 (1): 1264 - 1270.
MELENDEZ P., DUCHENS, M., PÉREZ, A., MORAGA, L. & ARCHBALD, L. 2008. Characterization of estrus detection, conception and pregnancy risk of Holstein cattle from the central area of Chile. Theriogenology 70: 631-637.
NANDI, S., KUMAR, M., MANOHAR, M. & CHAUHAN, R. 2009. Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle. Animal Health Research Review 10: 85-98.
ORIHUELA, A. 2000. Some factors affecting the behavioral manifestation of oestrusin cattle: a review. Applied Animal Behavior Science 70:1-16.
PALMA, G. 2008. Biotecnología de la reproducción. ED. Repro Biotec. 5-15.
PHILLIPS, C. & SCHOFIELD, S. 1989. The effect of supplementary light on the production and behavior of dairy cows. Animal Production 48: 293-303.
RIVERA, H. 2009. Tiempo para hacer la inseminación artificial en vacas lecheras. Dairy Cattle Reproduction Conference. Minneapolis.
RODRÍGUEZ, F. & GONZÁLEZ, D. 2011. Efecto de diferentes variables sobre los índices reproductivos en bovinos con inseminación artificial en una finca del municipio de (San Gil). Revista Colombiana
de Ciencias Pecuarias. 24: 3.
ROELOFS, J., LÓPEZ, F., HUNTER, R., VAN EERDENBURG, F. & HANZEN, C. 2010. When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects: Review Article. Theriogenology 74: 327-344.
ROELOFS, J. 2008. Prediction of ovulation and optimal insemination interval.Veterinary Quarterly. 58-77.
ROELOFS, J., GRAAT, E., MULLAART, E., SOEDE, N., VOSKAMP-HARKEMA, W B., KEMP ROELOFS, J., VAN EERDENBURG, F., SOEDE, N. & KEMP, B. 2005. Pedometer readings for estrous detection and as predictor for time of ovulation in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 64: 1690-1703.
SAACKE, R., DALTON, C., NADIR, S., NEBEL, R. & BAME, J. 2000. Relationship of seminal traits and insemination time to fertilization rate and embryo quality. Animal Reproduction Science 60-61: 663-
677.
SCHOPPER, D., SCHEMER, R., WEILER, U. & CLAUS, R. 1993. Effects of milk yield on the fertility of dairy cows during the postpartum period: evaluation of progesterone profiles. Reproduction in
Domestics Animals. 28: 225-235.
SCHRODER, H. 1999. Fisiopatología reproductiva de la vaca. ED. Librería medica Celsus. Bogotá. 224-225.
SORENSEN, A. 1982. Reproduction animal. ED. McGraw-Hill. México. 258 pp.
SREENAN, J. & DISKIN, M. 1992. Breeding the dairy herd. Teagasc. Sandymount Ave, Ballsbridge, Dublin. Ireland. 112 pp.
STURMAN, H., OLTENACU, E. & FOOTE, R. 2000. Importance of insemination only cows in estrus. Theriogenology 53: 1657-1667.
VAN VLIET, J. & VAN EERDENBURG, F. 1996. Sexual activities and oestrus detection in lactating Holstein cows. Applied Animal Behavior Science 50: 57-69.
VELÁSQUEZ, J. & SALAZAR, C. 1996. Evaluación de la duración y la actividad sexual en el celo natural y en el celo inducido con PGF2α en novillas Brahman. Universidad Nacional. Tesis. Colombia.
VISHWANATH, R. 2003. Artificial insemination: the state of the art. Theriogenology 15: 571-84.
WALKER, W., NEBEL, R. & MCGILLIARD. 1996. Time of ovulation relative to mounting activity in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 79: 1555-1561.
XU, Z., MCKNIGHT, D., VISHWANATH, R., PITT, C. & BURTON, L. 1998. Estrus detection using radiotelemetry or visual observation and tail painting for dairy cows on pasture. Journal of Dairy Science.
81: 2890-2896.
ZARCO, L. & HERNÁNDEZ, J. 1996. Momento de ovulación y efecto del intervalo entre el inicio del estro y la inseminación artificial sobre el porcentaje de concepción de vaquillas Holstein. Vet. Méx. 27: 279.
APPLEYARD, W. & COOK, B. 1976. The detection of oestrus in dairy cattle Veterinary. Rec. 99: 253-256.
AYALON, N. 1978. Review of embryonic mortality in cattle. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 54: 483-493.
BALL, P. & PETERS, A. 2004. Reproduction in cattle. ED. Blackwell publishing. Oxford. 49 pp.
BONDURANT, R. 2007. Selected diseases and conditions associated with bovine conceptus loss in the first trimester. Theriogenology. 68: 461-73.
BO, G., BARUSELLI, P. & MARTINEZ, M. 2003. Pattern and manipulation of follicular development in Bosindicus cattle. Animal Reproduction Science 78: 307-326.
DE SILVA, A., ANDERSON, G., GWASDAUSKAS, F., MCGILLIARD, M. & LINEWEAVER, J. 1981. Interrelationships with oestrus behavior and conception in cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 64: 2409-2418.
ESPEY, L. 1980. Biology of Reproduction 22, 73-106.
ESPINOZA, J., ORTEGA, R., PALACIOS, A. & GUILLEN, A. 2010. Efecto de la suplementación de grasas sobre características productivas, tasas de preñez y algunos metabolitos de los lípidos en vacas para carne en pastoreo. Arch. Med. Vet. 42 (1): 25-32. Disponible en <http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-732X20100 00100004&lng=es&nrm=iso>.Accesado: 06/06/2013.
DRANSFIELD, R., NEBEL, E., PEARSON, L. & WARNICK. 1998. Timing of insemination for dairy cows identified in estrus by a radiotelemetric estrus detection system. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 1874-1882.
FATRO, M. 2005. Manual de reproducción en ganado bovino. ED. Servet. Zaragoza. 56 pp.
GIRALDO, J. 2007. Una mirada al uso de la inseminación artificial en bovinos. Revista. Lasallista Investigación. Caldas. 4:1. Disponible en http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1794492007000100008&.Accesado: 19/08/2013.
GÓNGORA, A. & HERNÁNDEZ, A. 2006. Comportamiento sexual, duración del estro y del ciclo estral en novillas criollas San martineras y brahmán del piedemonte llanero colombiano. Livestock Research for Rural Development 18.
HAFEZ, B. 2002. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. ED. McGraw-Hill. México D.F. 63 pp.
HAFEZ, E. & LINDSAY, D. 1965. Behavioral responses in farm animals and their relevance to research technique. A review Animal. Breed. Abstr. 33: 1.
IDEAM Instituto de Hidrologìa, Metereologìa y Estudios Ambientales. 2013. Disponible en http://institucional.ideam.gov.co/jsp/solicitud-de-informacion_993. Accesado: 19/09/2013.
MAATJE, K., LOEFFLER, S. & ENGEL, E. 1997. Predicting Optimal Time of Insemination in Cows that Show Visual Signs of Estrus by Estimating Onset of Estrus with Pedometers. Journal of Dairy Science
80: 1098-1105.
MACMILLAN, K. & WATSON, J. 1971. Short estroes cycles in New Zealand dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 54: 1526-1529.
MARINI, P., GALASSI. & DI MASSO, R. 2010. Relación entre el lapso detección del celo-inseminación y el porcentaje de preñez en vacas lecheras Celo-inseminación y porcentaje de preñez. InVet, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. 12: 1. Disponible en <http://www.scielo.org.ar/ scielo.php? script=sci_arttext&pid=S1668-4982010000100009&lng=es&nrm=iso>. Accesado: 13/06/2013.
MARINI, P. & GALASSI, I. 2011. Relación entre celo–inseminación con semen sexado y porcentaje de preñez en vaquillonas Holstein. Revista veterinaria 22 (1): 52-54.
MARTÍNEZ, F., KAABI, M., MARTÍNEZ-PASTOR, F., ÁLVAREZ, M., ANEL, E., BOIXO, J. & DE PAZ, L. 2004. Effect of the interval between estrus onset and artificial insemination on sex ratio and fertility in cattle: a field study Original Research Article. Theriogenology 62 (1): 1264 - 1270.
MELENDEZ P., DUCHENS, M., PÉREZ, A., MORAGA, L. & ARCHBALD, L. 2008. Characterization of estrus detection, conception and pregnancy risk of Holstein cattle from the central area of Chile. Theriogenology 70: 631-637.
NANDI, S., KUMAR, M., MANOHAR, M. & CHAUHAN, R. 2009. Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle. Animal Health Research Review 10: 85-98.
ORIHUELA, A. 2000. Some factors affecting the behavioral manifestation of oestrusin cattle: a review. Applied Animal Behavior Science 70:1-16.
PALMA, G. 2008. Biotecnología de la reproducción. ED. Repro Biotec. 5-15.
PHILLIPS, C. & SCHOFIELD, S. 1989. The effect of supplementary light on the production and behavior of dairy cows. Animal Production 48: 293-303.
RIVERA, H. 2009. Tiempo para hacer la inseminación artificial en vacas lecheras. Dairy Cattle Reproduction Conference. Minneapolis.
RODRÍGUEZ, F. & GONZÁLEZ, D. 2011. Efecto de diferentes variables sobre los índices reproductivos en bovinos con inseminación artificial en una finca del municipio de (San Gil). Revista Colombiana
de Ciencias Pecuarias. 24: 3.
ROELOFS, J., LÓPEZ, F., HUNTER, R., VAN EERDENBURG, F. & HANZEN, C. 2010. When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects: Review Article. Theriogenology 74: 327-344.
ROELOFS, J. 2008. Prediction of ovulation and optimal insemination interval.Veterinary Quarterly. 58-77.
ROELOFS, J., GRAAT, E., MULLAART, E., SOEDE, N., VOSKAMP-HARKEMA, W B., KEMP ROELOFS, J., VAN EERDENBURG, F., SOEDE, N. & KEMP, B. 2005. Pedometer readings for estrous detection and as predictor for time of ovulation in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 64: 1690-1703.
SAACKE, R., DALTON, C., NADIR, S., NEBEL, R. & BAME, J. 2000. Relationship of seminal traits and insemination time to fertilization rate and embryo quality. Animal Reproduction Science 60-61: 663-
677.
SCHOPPER, D., SCHEMER, R., WEILER, U. & CLAUS, R. 1993. Effects of milk yield on the fertility of dairy cows during the postpartum period: evaluation of progesterone profiles. Reproduction in
Domestics Animals. 28: 225-235.
SCHRODER, H. 1999. Fisiopatología reproductiva de la vaca. ED. Librería medica Celsus. Bogotá. 224-225.
SORENSEN, A. 1982. Reproduction animal. ED. McGraw-Hill. México. 258 pp.
SREENAN, J. & DISKIN, M. 1992. Breeding the dairy herd. Teagasc. Sandymount Ave, Ballsbridge, Dublin. Ireland. 112 pp.
STURMAN, H., OLTENACU, E. & FOOTE, R. 2000. Importance of insemination only cows in estrus. Theriogenology 53: 1657-1667.
VAN VLIET, J. & VAN EERDENBURG, F. 1996. Sexual activities and oestrus detection in lactating Holstein cows. Applied Animal Behavior Science 50: 57-69.
VELÁSQUEZ, J. & SALAZAR, C. 1996. Evaluación de la duración y la actividad sexual en el celo natural y en el celo inducido con PGF2α en novillas Brahman. Universidad Nacional. Tesis. Colombia.
VISHWANATH, R. 2003. Artificial insemination: the state of the art. Theriogenology 15: 571-84.
WALKER, W., NEBEL, R. & MCGILLIARD. 1996. Time of ovulation relative to mounting activity in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 79: 1555-1561.
XU, Z., MCKNIGHT, D., VISHWANATH, R., PITT, C. & BURTON, L. 1998. Estrus detection using radiotelemetry or visual observation and tail painting for dairy cows on pasture. Journal of Dairy Science.
81: 2890-2896.
ZARCO, L. & HERNÁNDEZ, J. 1996. Momento de ovulación y efecto del intervalo entre el inicio del estro y la inseminación artificial sobre el porcentaje de concepción de vaquillas Holstein. Vet. Méx. 27: 279.
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Published
2013-10-09
How to Cite
Jefferson Abdelo, C. C. (2013). PREGNANCY RATES AND SCHEDULES OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN CROSSBRED OF FEMALES NORMAN X CREOLE COWS IN CIÉNEGA MUNICIPALITY. Conexión Agropecuaria JDC, 3(2), 19–27. Retrieved from https://jdc-ojs.vobomkt.com/index.php/conexagro/article/view/310
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Artículos de investigación Científica y tecnológica
