DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38017/1657463X.795Palabras clave:
envejecimiento, priming semántico, ralentización cognitivaResumen
Algunos autores han planteado que el déficit semántico en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer se asocia con una dificultad para procesar los rasgos específicos de los conceptos. Por esta razón, los miembros de una categoría semántica, como por ejemplo león y tigre se confunden entre sí, impidiendo al paciente discriminar entre ambos. Algunos autores sugieren que incluso en el envejecimiento normal se puede apreciar este efecto de desvanecimiento semántico. Para poner a prueba esta cuestión se evaluó el efecto de priming semántico producido por primes correspondientes a la misma categoría (león-TIGRE) y a un atributo (raya-TIGRE), tanto en jóvenes como en ancianos. Los resultados mostraron que ambas poblaciones produjeron efecto de priming. Sin embargo, aunque a primera vista se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en el tamaño del efecto entre ambas poblaciones (híperpriming) cuando se analizaron los tiempos de reacción, estas diferencias desaparecieron cuando los datos fueron transformados en logaritmos naturales. Los datos apoyan la idea de que el incremento del efecto de priming en ancianos, ampliamente descrito en la literatura, puede estar asociado a una falta de control metodológico. Esta evidencia supone una necesidad de crear nuevas perspectivas sobre el envejecimiento y su impacto sobre la cognición.
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