Keywords:
Canopi, Photosynthesis, Light, PhotoperiodicityAbstract
The main function of the plant foliage is to carry out an efficient photosynthesis. hat is the reason to maintain plantations with canopies, formed by vigorous and evenly distributed structures that produce enough photosyntates to obtain fruits to compete with domestic and international markets. The importance of the plants foliage increases with time, going from being a practice initially used in growth control, sustainable yields procurement and plagues and illnesses prevention, to become an essential integral method in the search of the improvement of the harvested products quality. The cold tropical climate vine industry must make an effort to increase the grape and wine quality, through the handling of the vineyards in front of the climatic conditions of the farming capable areas, because under these circumstances, light is probably the most complex and variable environmental factor that acts on plants, playing a crucial part as it provides energy for the photosynthesis and is also a stimulus for the growth and the acquisition of quality information
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References
ARCHER, E. Y STRAUSS, H.C. (1985). «The effect of plant density on root distribution of three-year-old grafted 99 Richter grapevines», S Afr J Enol Vitic; 6: 25-30.
ARCHER. E .. SWANEPOEL, J.J. Y STRAUSS, H.C. (1988). «Effect of plant spacing and trellising systems on grapevine root distribution».ln: J.L. Van Zyl (comp.) The grapevine root and its environment, ARC lnfruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa,. pp. 74-87.
CARBONEAU, A. (1980). Recherche sur les systems de conduite de Ia vigne: essai de maitrise du microclimat et de Ia plante entiere pour produire economiquement du raisin de qualite. 240 p. These Docteur-lngenieur .. Universite de Bordeaux II , Bordeaux, Francia.
CHAMPAGNOL, F. (1984 ). Elements de physiologie de Ia vigne et viticulture generale. 251 p.lmprimerie Dehan, Montpellier, France.
CRIPPEN, D.O., and J.C. MORRISON. (1986). The effects of sun exposure on the compositional development of Cabernet-Sauvignon berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 28:88-95.
GHOLAMI, M., HAYASAKA, Y., COOMBE, B.G.,et al.(1995). «Biosynthesis of flavour compounds in Muscat Gordo Blanco grape berries>>, Austr J Grape and Wine Res; 1: 19-24.
HARDIE, W.J., AGGENBACH, S.J. y JAUDZEMS, V.G.(996). «The plastids of the grape pericarp and their significance in isoprenoid synthesis>>, Aus J GrapeandWineRes;2: 144-154.
HRAZDINA, G. y MOSKOWITZ, A. H.(1980). «Subcellular status of anthocyanins in grape skins>>, In: A.D. Webb (ed), Proc Grape and Wine Centennial Symp., , Universidad de California, Davis. pp. 342- 352.
HASHIZUME, K. y SAMUTA, T (1999). «Grape maturity and light exposure affect berry methoxypyrazine concentration>>. Am J Enol Vi tic; 50: 194-198.
HUNTER, J.J.1998(a). «Plant spacing implications for grafted grapevine I. Soil characteristics, root growth, dry matter partitioning, dry matter composition and soil utilization>>. SAfr J EnoiVitic; 19:25-34.
__ .(1998) (b). «Plant spacing implications for grafted grapevine II. Soil water, plant water relations, canopy physiology, vegetative and reproductive characteristics. grape composition, wine quality and labour requirements>>, S Afr J EnoiVitic; 19:25-34.
__ .(1999). «Present status and prospects of winegrape viticulture in South Africa - focus on canopy related aspects/practices and relationshipswith grape and wine quality>>, ln:.Proc. 11th Meeting of the Study Group for Vine Training Systems (GESCO), 6-12 Junia, Sicilia, ltalia: 70-85.
__ .(2000). <<Implications of seasonal canopy management and growth compensation in grapevine», SAfr J EnoiVitic; 21 : 81-91.
HUNTER, J.J. y ARCHER, E. (2001 )(a).« Long-term cultivation strategies to improve grape quality», Proc. VI lith Viticulture and Enology Latin-American Congress, 12- 16 Noviembre 2001 (a), Montevideo, Uruguay.
__ .(2001)(b). <<Short-term cultivation strategies to improve grape quality>>, Proc. Vlllth Viticulture and Enology Latin-American Congress, 12- 16 November , Montevideo, Uruguay.
__ .(2003). Status of grapevine canopy management and future prospects. ACEnologia, Revista de Viticultura., Espana.
HUNTER, J.J., De VILLIERS, O.T. y WATTS, J.E.(1991). <<The effect of partial defoliation on quality characteristics of Vilis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes II. Skin, skin sugar, and wine quality>>, Am J Enol Vitic; 42: 13-18.
HUNTER, J.J. y RUFFNER, H.P. (1997). «Diurnal and seasonal changes in nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen content of grapevines: Cffect of canopy management>>, Vilis; 36: 1-6.
__ . (2001 ).«Assimilate transport in grapevines-effect of phloem disruptiom>, Aust. J. Grape and Wine Research; 7: 118-126.
HUNTER, J.J. y VISSER, J.H. (1989).«The effect of partial defoliation, leaf position and developmental stage of the vine on leaf chlorophyll concentration in relation to the photosynthetic activity and light intensity in the canopy of Vitisvinifera L. cv. CabernetSauvignom>. SAfr J Enol Vitic; 10:67-73.
__ . (1990). <<The effect of partial defoliation on growth characteristics of Vilis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. II. Reproductive growth>>. SAfr J Enol Vitic; 11: 26-32.
HUNTER, J.J. y VOLSCHENK, C.G. (2001 ). <<Effect of altered canopy:root volume ratio on grapevine growth compensation>>. S Afr J Enol Vitic; 22: 27- 30.
LACEY, M.J., ALLEN, M.S., HARRIS, R.L.N. et al. (1991 ). <<Methoxypyrazines in Sauvignon blanc grapes and wines>>. Am J Enol Vitic; 42: 103-108.
LAVIN,A. y PARDO, M. (2003). Leaf removal time and its effect on the chemical composition of Chardonnay and Cabernet-Sauvignon musts and the composition and quality of wines in Cauquenes. Chile.
MAY, P. (1965). <<Reducing inflorescence formation by shading individual Sultana budS>L J Bioi Sci; 18:463-473.
MORALES, A. (1987). lnfluencia del microclima en torno al racimo sobre Ia composici6n quimica y calidad de mostos y vi nos. Tesis lngeniero Agr6nomo. Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomfa. Santiago, Chile. 85p.
NADAL, M., MENCHON, J., MATEU, R. et al. (2001): <<Influence de Ia hauteur de palissage sur Ia qualite du raisin de cv Cabernet Sauvignon en climat mediterranean>>, Proc 12th GESCO Symposium, 3-7. Montpellier, Francia: 401-406.
PENA, A. (2003). Cam bios composicionales de Ia baya durante el proceso de maduraci6n y su importancia en Ia calidad de Ia uva y el vino. Universidad de chile.
QUIJANO, M. (2004). Ecología de una conexión solar. De Ia adoración del sol al desarrollo vitivinicola regional. En: Cultura Científica. FUJC. 2: 5-9.
ROJAS-LARA, B.A., and J.C. MORRISON. (1989). Differential effects of shading fruit or foliage on the development and composition of grape berries. Vilis 28:199-208.
RUFFNER, H.P. (1982) (a). <<Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vilis: A review-PartA>>, Vilis ; 21:247-259.
__ (1982) (b).<<Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vilis: A reviewPart B», Vilis; 21: 346-358.
SAITO, K. y KASAl, Z. <<Synthesis of L-(+)-tartaric acid from L-ascorbic acid via 5-keto-D-gluconic acid in grapes», Plant Physiol; 76: 170-174.
SINGLETON, V.L. (1984). <<Grape and wine phenolics; background and prospects», En: A.D. Webb (ed), Proc Grape and Wine Centennial Symp, Junio 1980, Universidad de California, Davis: 215-227.
SOMERS, T.C. (1980). «Pigment phenomena- from grapes to wine>>, En: A.D. Webb (ed), Proc Grape and Wine Certennial Symp. Universidad de California, Davis: 254-257.
SMART, R.E., SHAULIS, N.J. y LEMON, E.R. (1982). «The effect of Concord vineyard microclimate on yield. II. The interrelations between microclimate and yield expression>>, Am J Enol Vitic; 33: 109-116.
SWANEPOEL, J.J. y ARCHER, E. (1988). <<The ontogeny and development of Vilis vinifera L. cv. Chen in blanc inflorescence in relation to phonological stages>>, Vilis; 27: 133-1 41.
VOLSCHENK, C.G. y HUNTER, J.J. (2001) (b). <<Effect of seasonal canopy management on the performance of Chen in blanc/99 Richter grapevines», S Afr J Enol Vitic; 22: 36-40.
ARCHER. E .. SWANEPOEL, J.J. Y STRAUSS, H.C. (1988). «Effect of plant spacing and trellising systems on grapevine root distribution».ln: J.L. Van Zyl (comp.) The grapevine root and its environment, ARC lnfruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa,. pp. 74-87.
CARBONEAU, A. (1980). Recherche sur les systems de conduite de Ia vigne: essai de maitrise du microclimat et de Ia plante entiere pour produire economiquement du raisin de qualite. 240 p. These Docteur-lngenieur .. Universite de Bordeaux II , Bordeaux, Francia.
CHAMPAGNOL, F. (1984 ). Elements de physiologie de Ia vigne et viticulture generale. 251 p.lmprimerie Dehan, Montpellier, France.
CRIPPEN, D.O., and J.C. MORRISON. (1986). The effects of sun exposure on the compositional development of Cabernet-Sauvignon berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 28:88-95.
GHOLAMI, M., HAYASAKA, Y., COOMBE, B.G.,et al.(1995). «Biosynthesis of flavour compounds in Muscat Gordo Blanco grape berries>>, Austr J Grape and Wine Res; 1: 19-24.
HARDIE, W.J., AGGENBACH, S.J. y JAUDZEMS, V.G.(996). «The plastids of the grape pericarp and their significance in isoprenoid synthesis>>, Aus J GrapeandWineRes;2: 144-154.
HRAZDINA, G. y MOSKOWITZ, A. H.(1980). «Subcellular status of anthocyanins in grape skins>>, In: A.D. Webb (ed), Proc Grape and Wine Centennial Symp., , Universidad de California, Davis. pp. 342- 352.
HASHIZUME, K. y SAMUTA, T (1999). «Grape maturity and light exposure affect berry methoxypyrazine concentration>>. Am J Enol Vi tic; 50: 194-198.
HUNTER, J.J.1998(a). «Plant spacing implications for grafted grapevine I. Soil characteristics, root growth, dry matter partitioning, dry matter composition and soil utilization>>. SAfr J EnoiVitic; 19:25-34.
__ .(1998) (b). «Plant spacing implications for grafted grapevine II. Soil water, plant water relations, canopy physiology, vegetative and reproductive characteristics. grape composition, wine quality and labour requirements>>, S Afr J EnoiVitic; 19:25-34.
__ .(1999). «Present status and prospects of winegrape viticulture in South Africa - focus on canopy related aspects/practices and relationshipswith grape and wine quality>>, ln:.Proc. 11th Meeting of the Study Group for Vine Training Systems (GESCO), 6-12 Junia, Sicilia, ltalia: 70-85.
__ .(2000). <<Implications of seasonal canopy management and growth compensation in grapevine», SAfr J EnoiVitic; 21 : 81-91.
HUNTER, J.J. y ARCHER, E. (2001 )(a).« Long-term cultivation strategies to improve grape quality», Proc. VI lith Viticulture and Enology Latin-American Congress, 12- 16 Noviembre 2001 (a), Montevideo, Uruguay.
__ .(2001)(b). <<Short-term cultivation strategies to improve grape quality>>, Proc. Vlllth Viticulture and Enology Latin-American Congress, 12- 16 November , Montevideo, Uruguay.
__ .(2003). Status of grapevine canopy management and future prospects. ACEnologia, Revista de Viticultura., Espana.
HUNTER, J.J., De VILLIERS, O.T. y WATTS, J.E.(1991). <<The effect of partial defoliation on quality characteristics of Vilis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes II. Skin, skin sugar, and wine quality>>, Am J Enol Vitic; 42: 13-18.
HUNTER, J.J. y RUFFNER, H.P. (1997). «Diurnal and seasonal changes in nitrate reductase activity and nitrogen content of grapevines: Cffect of canopy management>>, Vilis; 36: 1-6.
__ . (2001 ).«Assimilate transport in grapevines-effect of phloem disruptiom>, Aust. J. Grape and Wine Research; 7: 118-126.
HUNTER, J.J. y VISSER, J.H. (1989).«The effect of partial defoliation, leaf position and developmental stage of the vine on leaf chlorophyll concentration in relation to the photosynthetic activity and light intensity in the canopy of Vitisvinifera L. cv. CabernetSauvignom>. SAfr J Enol Vitic; 10:67-73.
__ . (1990). <<The effect of partial defoliation on growth characteristics of Vilis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. II. Reproductive growth>>. SAfr J Enol Vitic; 11: 26-32.
HUNTER, J.J. y VOLSCHENK, C.G. (2001 ). <<Effect of altered canopy:root volume ratio on grapevine growth compensation>>. S Afr J Enol Vitic; 22: 27- 30.
LACEY, M.J., ALLEN, M.S., HARRIS, R.L.N. et al. (1991 ). <<Methoxypyrazines in Sauvignon blanc grapes and wines>>. Am J Enol Vitic; 42: 103-108.
LAVIN,A. y PARDO, M. (2003). Leaf removal time and its effect on the chemical composition of Chardonnay and Cabernet-Sauvignon musts and the composition and quality of wines in Cauquenes. Chile.
MAY, P. (1965). <<Reducing inflorescence formation by shading individual Sultana budS>L J Bioi Sci; 18:463-473.
MORALES, A. (1987). lnfluencia del microclima en torno al racimo sobre Ia composici6n quimica y calidad de mostos y vi nos. Tesis lngeniero Agr6nomo. Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomfa. Santiago, Chile. 85p.
NADAL, M., MENCHON, J., MATEU, R. et al. (2001): <<Influence de Ia hauteur de palissage sur Ia qualite du raisin de cv Cabernet Sauvignon en climat mediterranean>>, Proc 12th GESCO Symposium, 3-7. Montpellier, Francia: 401-406.
PENA, A. (2003). Cam bios composicionales de Ia baya durante el proceso de maduraci6n y su importancia en Ia calidad de Ia uva y el vino. Universidad de chile.
QUIJANO, M. (2004). Ecología de una conexión solar. De Ia adoración del sol al desarrollo vitivinicola regional. En: Cultura Científica. FUJC. 2: 5-9.
ROJAS-LARA, B.A., and J.C. MORRISON. (1989). Differential effects of shading fruit or foliage on the development and composition of grape berries. Vilis 28:199-208.
RUFFNER, H.P. (1982) (a). <<Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vilis: A review-PartA>>, Vilis ; 21:247-259.
__ (1982) (b).<<Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vilis: A reviewPart B», Vilis; 21: 346-358.
SAITO, K. y KASAl, Z. <<Synthesis of L-(+)-tartaric acid from L-ascorbic acid via 5-keto-D-gluconic acid in grapes», Plant Physiol; 76: 170-174.
SINGLETON, V.L. (1984). <<Grape and wine phenolics; background and prospects», En: A.D. Webb (ed), Proc Grape and Wine Centennial Symp, Junio 1980, Universidad de California, Davis: 215-227.
SOMERS, T.C. (1980). «Pigment phenomena- from grapes to wine>>, En: A.D. Webb (ed), Proc Grape and Wine Certennial Symp. Universidad de California, Davis: 254-257.
SMART, R.E., SHAULIS, N.J. y LEMON, E.R. (1982). «The effect of Concord vineyard microclimate on yield. II. The interrelations between microclimate and yield expression>>, Am J Enol Vitic; 33: 109-116.
SWANEPOEL, J.J. y ARCHER, E. (1988). <<The ontogeny and development of Vilis vinifera L. cv. Chen in blanc inflorescence in relation to phonological stages>>, Vilis; 27: 133-1 41.
VOLSCHENK, C.G. y HUNTER, J.J. (2001) (b). <<Effect of seasonal canopy management on the performance of Chen in blanc/99 Richter grapevines», S Afr J Enol Vitic; 22: 36-40.
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Published
2005-10-31
How to Cite
Almanza, pedro. (2005). Foliage and its role in the quality of wine production. Cultura científica, (3), 25–29. Retrieved from https://jdc-ojs.vobomkt.com/index.php/Cult_cient/article/view/467
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Article of scientific and technological research
